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AgriLife Extension forage sorghum hybrid trial has special purpose

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By: Kay Ledbetter

Data to be used for farm bill loan deficiency program

Writer: Kay Ledbetter, 806-677-5608, [email protected]
Contact: Dr. Jourdan Bell, 806-677-5600, [email protected]

AMARILLO – More than 100 forage sorghum hybrids from 13 commercial companies across the U.S. growing in a Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service production trial have a unique role to play, according to an AgriLife Extension specialist.

The Texas Panhandle Forage Sorghum Silage Trials will be utilized for farm program purposes. (Texas A&M AgriLife Communications photo by Kay Ledbetter)

In addition to forage yield and quality, the field trial on the Michael Menke farm east of Bushland will help evaluate the eligibility of sorghum varieties for the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Farm Service Agency management assistance loans and loan deficiency payments based on grain yield and forage type, said Dr. Jourdan Bell, AgriLife Extension agronomist in Amarillo.

The Texas Panhandle Forage Sorghum Silage Trial conducted at Bushland historically has been used by the Farm Service Agency, or FSA, to update grain sorghum eligibility tables.

“This is the second year we’ve had this trial with Mr. Menke, which has allowed us to evaluate the hybrids under center pivot irrigation and managed for maximum production,” Bell said. “We have 100 different hybrids, and there are three replications of each, so it’s definitely a very big trial.”

 

Dr. Jourdan Bell, Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service agronomist in Amarillo, discusses forage sorghums during a recent field day. (Texas A&M AgriLife Communications photo by Kay Ledbetter)

“Last year grain yields were not collected from the trial, but they will be this year if requested by the company in order to update existing eligibility tables,” she said.

FSA characterizes sorghum in five classes: dual purpose having a yield potential equal to 100 percent of a hybrid grain variety; dual purpose having a yield potential equal to 80 percent of a hybrid grain variety; sterile; photoperiod sensitive and ineligible varieties.

Forage-only varieties are not eligible for loans, only loan deficiency payments, unlike dual-purpose varieties that are eligible for both, Bell said. Sorghum varieties are further categorized to determine their eligibility according to tannin or non-tannin and grazing or grain use.

Bell said the trial at Bushland also includes three varieties planted at different populations. The population for the larger trial was 100,000 seeds per acre, based on longtime research data. But the three selected varieties were also planted at 75,000 seeds per acre in order to evaluate performance and lodging at a lower population.

Producers check out the forage sorghum hybrids from 13 commercial companies growing in a Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service production trial near Bushland. (Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service photo by Dr. Jourdan Bell)

“Based on previous data, 100,000 seeds per acre is a good planting rate to optimize production, especially under irrigation, but there is the potential to enhance lodging with certain varieties. We realize that this is not a recommended population for many varieties, but we are trying to maximize production,” she said.

Bell said the trial has only received about 4.5 inches of irrigation this year due to the rain received from May through July. The field received 12.4 inches of rain since planting on June 24, but there has been 25 inches of rain since May 1. That was one reason for the late planting date – the field was under water much of the time until late June.

“We’ve had really good weather pushing this sorghum along,” she said.

But on the down side, Bell said the trial has been hit by sugarcane aphids and has been treated once.

Harvest is underway, but it will continue through next month as every hybrid is harvested for silage when it reaches soft dough, she said.

“With the forage sorghum silage, it is critical that we optimize harvest time for quality. Silage pit management and end-use quality is strongly affected by harvest stage,” Bell said.

“If the silage is harvested prior to soft dough without additional drying, increased moisture contents can result in amplified butyric acid levels in the silage pit, which reduces palatability. When harvest is delayed to hard dough, moisture is often less than 60 percent, which results in poorly packed silage pits and poor fermentation.”

She said with all the dairies, the forage sorghum silages are a great fit for this region because they can be produced with about half the water as corn silage.

“One of the things we have seen is quality varies among varieties. There are some brown mid-rib varieties that are very good and some that aren’t, the same with non-BMR varieties. That’s why this field trial is something really great to see and have everything in the same location to look at.”

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Farm & Ranch

Meanwhile, Back at the Ranch…

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By Rayford Pullen | [email protected]

When May arrives, we start thinking about weed control. With two years of drought under our belts, grass grazed short and hay stocks depleted, what we do now will influence our forage conditions for the entire year. With 75 percent of our annual warm season forages made by July 15 in North Texas, we need to get the grass growing while the sun shines.

Speaking of the sun shining, the biggest deterrent to growing lots of grass is restricted sunlight, and the biggest sun blockers we have are weeds.

Have you noticed weeds are normally just slightly taller than your grass and are probably blocking 90 percent of the sunlight from reaching the grass itself? So obviously, we need to improve conditions, so sunlight reaches the plants we want to grow.

With grass extremely short, more sunlight is hitting the soil surface now, which in turn results in more weed seed germinating. With the moisture we have received, we expect an abundance of weeds this year.

To read more, pick up a copy of the May issue of NTFR magazine. To subscribe by mail, call 940-872-5922.

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Farm & Ranch

Land Market Report: March Land Sales

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By Jared Groce

Rural land sales are continuing on a steady pace for early spring, with prices holding very strong with the sell-to-list price ratios remaining very high, even on properties that have been on the market for a longer than usual time period. The total number of transactions are picking up once again as the spring selling season kicks off, and the average acreage continues to decrease.

Larger acreage properties seem to be in higher demand than smaller properties currently, with many buyers simply parking cash in real estate to hedge against inflation. Interest rates seem to have settled down and most experts agree that rates will be reduced by the fed this year. Some lenders have programs in place that allow the buyer to reduce their rates without having to go through a full refinance ordeal.

To read more, pick up a copy of the May issue of NTFR magazine. To subscribe by mail, call 940-872-5922.

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Farm & Ranch

Texas FFA State Vice President Weston Parr

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Future Farmers of America was founded by a group of farmers in 1928 with the mission of preparing the next generation of agriculture. It has done just that during its 95-year history, as the organization works to give back to others by following its motto, “learning to do, doing to learn, earning to live, living to serve.”

FFA is an organization made up of state associations, and at the helm of the Texas FFA is a team of 12 officers representing their respective areas within the Lone Star State. These individuals dedicate a year of their lives as they serve members, provide leadership, and work together with the state staff and board of directors to develop policy and lead the organization of over 177,000 members.

North Texas is represented by Area IV and Area IV, stretching from Wilbarger County to Bell County and from Runnels County to Grayson County. This year, those chosen to lead this great area are State President Isaac Hawkins Jr., Area IV, and State Vice President Weston Parr, Area V.

Parr is from the Sam Rayburn FFA chapter and the Area V Association, but the leader who now serves more than 19,100 members of Area V entered the FFA organization as a shy teenager who sat in the back of the room.

“I didn’t talk to a whole lot of people. I didn’t know what I wanted to do with my life or where I could see myself, so I wasn’t involved on my high school campus,” Parr recalled.

“Then I started FFA and slowly but surely, my ag teachers worked me into attending more contests, meeting new people, and speaking. I remember the first time I gave an officer speech to my chapter. I can still remember how embarrassing it was. To see the progression from that moment to speaking on stage at the state convention in front of thousands of people. Now I feel like I can enter the industry I want and be successful all because of what FFA afforded me for five years.”

There is not much Parr did not do during his time in high school. His contest participation included chapter conducting, wool judging, cotton judging, wildlife, and job interview, but his favorite was extemporaneous speaking, which he did not start until his senior year of high school.

“I wish I could go back to my freshman, sophomore, and junior years and start that sooner. I think if I had more time, I would have been more successful than I already was, but that was something I didn’t realize I liked at the time. I’m not naturally somebody who likes to speak in public, but it was actually my favorite,” Parr said.

Parr won several awards during his time competing. In 2023 alone, Parr earned the Texas FFA Service-Learning Proficiency title, was a National FFA Service-Learning Proficiency finalist, and a Texas FFA Extemporaneous Speaking finalist. In addition to his CDE and LDE events during high school, he showed commercial steers at Houston, and boilers at most major shows, participated in the county show with projects in ag mechanics, showed goats from time to time, and showed heifers until graduation.

“FFA provides invaluable resources and knowledge to be successful once you leave high school and you are out of the blue jacket for the first time. I have been a part of a lot of great organizations over the years, and they are all great in their own way, but in my opinion, FFA is the most successful at producing members of society who want to go and do something with themselves,” Parr said.

He was halfway through his time as Area V Association President and attending the national convention when he began to ponder the idea of running for state office.

“This is around the time when you usually figure out if you want to go through and be a state officer or you decide that area officer is your last run. I was unsure of where I wanted to go, but I knew I didn’t want to be done with FFA. I decided maybe it would be a good opportunity not only for me to make more friendships and connections, but also to give back to the program that allowed me to be able to do what I can do today,” Parr explained.

To read more, pick up a copy of the May issue of NTFR magazine. To subscribe by mail, call 940-872-5922.

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