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AgriLife Extension expert cautious about plant growth regulators for wheat

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By: Kay Ledbetter

Writer: Kay Ledbetter, 806-677-5608, [email protected]
Contact: Jourdan Bell, 806-341-8925, [email protected]

AMARILLO – Plant growth regulators are nothing new for cotton farmers, but they are of recent interest to some wheat producers who are questioning their efficiency and economics, said Dr. Jourdan Bell, Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service agronomist in Amarillo.

Bell, speaking at the recent Focus on Wheat meeting during the Amarillo Farm and Ranch Show, said plant growth regulators have been used on wheat in Europe for some time.

There was some interest in the High Plains on plant growth regulators in wheat production in the early 80’s, but due to production limitations, producer interest quickly faded, she said. With newer, improved products, local interest has increased.

“First, if a producer were to use them, we would only be talking about irrigated grain-only production of wheat where it might play a role,” she said.

“At this time, I can’t say yes or no, but it is a matter of economics,” Bell said.

In wheat, as in cotton, there are many environmental and product interactions that come into play, she said. Plant growth regulators are natural and synthetic hormones, and it is critical that application timing takes place to enhance those interactions and not interfere.

Bell said research in other regions has shown putting on the plant growth regulators at the wrong time during the grain-filling period can actually limit yield.However, if applied according to the label, manufacturers claim both reduced lodging and often a yield boost.

“Right now, we are in need of local data to determine if some of the claims hold up in our environment,” Bell said, adding she will be conducting a plant growth regulator trial in Castro County this spring.

The primary reason a producer would want to use the product is to control lodging, she said. The thought is the plant growth regulators would control the height and the strength of the stalk, which can be regulated by the hormones.

“My question is: Do you really need a PGR or should a producer consider wheat variety, other inputs and agronomic management? Cultivar selection, planting dates, excessive nitrogen and excessive irrigation are all factors that come into play with lodging. While freeze damage and disease can also result in lodging, it may not always be economical to use a PGR to minimize damage from unplanned events.”

Bell said the producers who have been inquiring about plant growth regulators are concerned about late-season lodging. While late-season lodging causes many harvest challenges, the biggest lodging yield losses occur when the head is emerging.

“Again, irrigation, or excessive irrigation and irrigation timing, are important factors in lodging,” she said. “But with our water district restrictions, producers are trying to be strategic in their irrigation applications. They need enough water for their wheat crop, but if a producer plans to double crop, they also need to have enough water to carry them through the summer.

“So, excessive irrigation in wheat production is generally not a problem in this area.”

Another thought, Bell said, is while producers want to put more water on the crop to maximize the yield, their greater concern should be maximizing revenue.

“With lower commodity prices, producers are evaluating the costs of all inputs,including irrigation costs. As producers make decisions to maximize the revenue, they may not really need a PGR. That is another added cost,” she said.

“And more importantly, producers need to know they cannot stop an impending disaster from happening by applying a PGR right before a freeze, hoping to keep the stalks strong and the wheat from lodging.”

Bell said because of the limited information applicable to this region, producers should be cautious about the use of plant growth regulators.

“If you are going to do it, leave 5 or 10 acres out and see if you really see a yield boost,” she said. “Determine if the difference is because all the inputs were just right or if the PGR made the difference.”

In the end, Bell said, plant growth regulators in this region might have more application in other crops such as triticale and barley, both of which are more prone to lodging.

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Farm & Ranch

Meanwhile, Back at the Ranch…

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By Rayford Pullen | [email protected]

When May arrives, we start thinking about weed control. With two years of drought under our belts, grass grazed short and hay stocks depleted, what we do now will influence our forage conditions for the entire year. With 75 percent of our annual warm season forages made by July 15 in North Texas, we need to get the grass growing while the sun shines.

Speaking of the sun shining, the biggest deterrent to growing lots of grass is restricted sunlight, and the biggest sun blockers we have are weeds.

Have you noticed weeds are normally just slightly taller than your grass and are probably blocking 90 percent of the sunlight from reaching the grass itself? So obviously, we need to improve conditions, so sunlight reaches the plants we want to grow.

With grass extremely short, more sunlight is hitting the soil surface now, which in turn results in more weed seed germinating. With the moisture we have received, we expect an abundance of weeds this year.

To read more, pick up a copy of the May issue of NTFR magazine. To subscribe by mail, call 940-872-5922.

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Farm & Ranch

Land Market Report: March Land Sales

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By Jared Groce

Rural land sales are continuing on a steady pace for early spring, with prices holding very strong with the sell-to-list price ratios remaining very high, even on properties that have been on the market for a longer than usual time period. The total number of transactions are picking up once again as the spring selling season kicks off, and the average acreage continues to decrease.

Larger acreage properties seem to be in higher demand than smaller properties currently, with many buyers simply parking cash in real estate to hedge against inflation. Interest rates seem to have settled down and most experts agree that rates will be reduced by the fed this year. Some lenders have programs in place that allow the buyer to reduce their rates without having to go through a full refinance ordeal.

To read more, pick up a copy of the May issue of NTFR magazine. To subscribe by mail, call 940-872-5922.

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Farm & Ranch

Texas FFA State Vice President Weston Parr

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Future Farmers of America was founded by a group of farmers in 1928 with the mission of preparing the next generation of agriculture. It has done just that during its 95-year history, as the organization works to give back to others by following its motto, “learning to do, doing to learn, earning to live, living to serve.”

FFA is an organization made up of state associations, and at the helm of the Texas FFA is a team of 12 officers representing their respective areas within the Lone Star State. These individuals dedicate a year of their lives as they serve members, provide leadership, and work together with the state staff and board of directors to develop policy and lead the organization of over 177,000 members.

North Texas is represented by Area IV and Area IV, stretching from Wilbarger County to Bell County and from Runnels County to Grayson County. This year, those chosen to lead this great area are State President Isaac Hawkins Jr., Area IV, and State Vice President Weston Parr, Area V.

Parr is from the Sam Rayburn FFA chapter and the Area V Association, but the leader who now serves more than 19,100 members of Area V entered the FFA organization as a shy teenager who sat in the back of the room.

“I didn’t talk to a whole lot of people. I didn’t know what I wanted to do with my life or where I could see myself, so I wasn’t involved on my high school campus,” Parr recalled.

“Then I started FFA and slowly but surely, my ag teachers worked me into attending more contests, meeting new people, and speaking. I remember the first time I gave an officer speech to my chapter. I can still remember how embarrassing it was. To see the progression from that moment to speaking on stage at the state convention in front of thousands of people. Now I feel like I can enter the industry I want and be successful all because of what FFA afforded me for five years.”

There is not much Parr did not do during his time in high school. His contest participation included chapter conducting, wool judging, cotton judging, wildlife, and job interview, but his favorite was extemporaneous speaking, which he did not start until his senior year of high school.

“I wish I could go back to my freshman, sophomore, and junior years and start that sooner. I think if I had more time, I would have been more successful than I already was, but that was something I didn’t realize I liked at the time. I’m not naturally somebody who likes to speak in public, but it was actually my favorite,” Parr said.

Parr won several awards during his time competing. In 2023 alone, Parr earned the Texas FFA Service-Learning Proficiency title, was a National FFA Service-Learning Proficiency finalist, and a Texas FFA Extemporaneous Speaking finalist. In addition to his CDE and LDE events during high school, he showed commercial steers at Houston, and boilers at most major shows, participated in the county show with projects in ag mechanics, showed goats from time to time, and showed heifers until graduation.

“FFA provides invaluable resources and knowledge to be successful once you leave high school and you are out of the blue jacket for the first time. I have been a part of a lot of great organizations over the years, and they are all great in their own way, but in my opinion, FFA is the most successful at producing members of society who want to go and do something with themselves,” Parr said.

He was halfway through his time as Area V Association President and attending the national convention when he began to ponder the idea of running for state office.

“This is around the time when you usually figure out if you want to go through and be a state officer or you decide that area officer is your last run. I was unsure of where I wanted to go, but I knew I didn’t want to be done with FFA. I decided maybe it would be a good opportunity not only for me to make more friendships and connections, but also to give back to the program that allowed me to be able to do what I can do today,” Parr explained.

To read more, pick up a copy of the May issue of NTFR magazine. To subscribe by mail, call 940-872-5922.

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