Farm & Ranch
Looking for Low-Maintenance Poultry? Geese are Your Answer!
Unless you are a fan of Dickens and Doyle, geese probably aren’t the first thing that comes to mind when you think of poultry. But maybe they should be. And the aim of this article is to get you acquainted with the aristocrat of poultry.
Let’s start with the basics. Geese are domesticated waterfowl. Twelve breeds are recognized by the American Poultry Association, but dozens more are available. Much like ducks, all domestic geese breeds descend from two species. The overwhelming majority of breeds originate from Greylag geese (Anser anser). This species is native to Europe and Central Asia. These are the stockier, heavy geese that feature prominently in German fairy tales as a symbol of wealth and which Victorians loved to consume at Christmas. These geese come in various sizes, colors and dispositions. Here are a few examples: Cotton Patch geese are a small, variably-colored, extremely heat tolerant landrace native to the South. These were raised to consume weeds in cotton fields in the days before commercial herbicides. They are quite rare today and lay a variable number of eggs. American Buff geese are medium-sized, tan colored, very docile geese of uncertain origin. They are excellent meat birds. They are decent layers and wonderful mothers. Toulouse geese are the largest breed at up to thirty pounds. This ancient French breed is dark grey in color. They are bred to become very fat and so must be managed carefully to maintain fertility. They are very gentle, but require somewhat more shelter than other breeds.
A native of parts of China, Mongolia and Russia, the Swan Goose (Anser cygnoides) gave us both the Chinese goose and the African goose. Both have large bulbs on their heads and are similarly colored, but are otherwise very different. African geese are quite large, maturing at around twenty pounds and prized for their meat. These gentle giants are often recommended for beginners. Chinese geese are the egg champions of the goose family. They produce multiple clutches in a year, equaling up to a hundred eggs annually. They are small geese with males weighing about twelve pounds and females ten. They are nervous and the loudest breed, but this makes them suburb as “watch geese” and perhaps the best all-purpose breed.
Now that we are a bit acquainted with various breeds, we can find out just why someone may want to keep geese. Before we go over their benefits, you may be surprised to learn something surprising about geese. Geese are so rarely seen in the United States today that they can seem unusual, even exotic. As such, you may reasonably expect that geese are hard to manage, require expensive feeds and must be waited on hand and foot. The surprise is that geese are actually significantly easier to take care of than chickens. In fact, I would venture to day that geese are the lowest maintenance poultry there are.
Geese are unique among poultry in that the vast majority of their diet is made up of grass. Some meat birds are raised entirely on grass. It may be a good idea to supplement their grass with some chicken feed and scratch grains, but you will find that, when grass is plentiful, they will generally not bother with anything else. Geese are excellent pasture birds. A simple wire pen that can be moved every other day is enough to keep them happy. Unlike chickens, geese do not scratch up a yard and are not nearly as messy as ducks. If moved promptly, the area they occupied will swiftly grow back greener, thanks to all the free fertilizer, which they produce in abundance. Few geese can fly with any proficiency and even then, only when they are young. One wing’s feathers can be easily clipped, if their escape is a concern.
Geese are also almost absurdly hardy. They not only love rain, they seldom if ever go inside. Shade and perhaps a windbreak are their only real needs for shelter. In sub-freezing temperatures, they will scorn a shed and simply sit in the snow. There is a reason that goose down is so valued for comforters. It is extremely good at keeping them warm. The clever little birds know exactly when they need to bend down over their feet to keep them warm and hide their heads under their wings for the same purpose. In the summer, geese require shade and access to water at all times, but are otherwise unbothered. Geese keep their bodies very clean and are, owing to a small oil gland and their meticulous grooming, waterproof. They will soil water almost instantly, so do not worry about keeping it clean, just be sure they have enough. Without water, they may die in the heat and regardless (like ducks) cannot keep their bills and eyes clean, which could cause disease. Provide multiple water tubs to reduce fighting. Geese will dig up the mud around their waterers, so they should be moved each time they are filled. They will appear to be eating the mud, but are actually filtering it in the water through the serration in their bills. This is to find food, as well as small rocks for their gizzards. With a bit of caution, geese will weed a garden for you and clean it up at the end of the season.
Geese need little more from you than water, basic protection from predators and grass. In return, they offer a number of benefits.
In the first place, Geese offer a dark, rich, beef-like meat. Geese are often butchered between twelve and twenty weeks old. At this time, their weight will vary by breed, but as an example, the commonly raised meat breed Pilgrim geese will weigh around thirteen pounds. The carcass weight will be about sixty to seventy percent of the live weight. If one cares to process it, goose fat is highly valued in the culinary world and contains almost no saturated fat. It is comparable to olive oil and may be used in the same applications.
Especially if you have selected the Chinese goose, eggs are another offering of your new favorite poultry. These eggs are roughly the equivalent of three chicken eggs. A fried goose egg, sausage or bacon and a pancake makes a very nice dinner or hearty breakfast. Alternatively, you can incubate and hatch goose eggs quite easily. The goslings are so valuable that it’s a wiser financial move to only consume the first couple of eggs laid in the spring, which are usually infertile. Goose eggs are easily candled without any special equipment. Infertile eggs or those that die early on can be blown out and made into painted or dyed eggs.
If you hate waste, and wish to use all but the “honk,” so to speak, the feet are rich in collagen and highly prized in the rest of the world. The liver of a goose is extremely healthy and famous as foie gras. A more familiar byproduct of butchering is down, which can be made into extremely valuable bedding. Be sure to clean and dry feathers carefully first. If raised by hand and handled very often, geese will be quite friendly to their owners and make loyal pets. Some people will actually hold their geese in their laps and gently pluck the down from their flock.
Lastly, geese are often kept as watch animals. Geese are extremely observant night and day and will loudly complain when they see something unfamiliar anywhere in the vicinity. It takes a very short time to learn the difference between the normal sounds of geese and the sound of their panic. Please know that while they may scare away small predators and they are nearly always too big for hawks, a goose is largely defenseless against most predators. Keeping geese near a livestock guardian dog is a great idea. The extremely intelligent birds will rapidly learn the dogs are a source of safety and will alert the dogs to anything they see as a threat. Geese can usually be kept with other poultry without problems. They will not directly protect their avian brethren, but the others will learn to hide when the more observant geese voice a concern. In mixed flocks, the noble geese stride around the yard, aristocracy among poultry.
Geese are immensely versatile, the most low-maintenance poultry there is and should have a place on any property.
Farm & Ranch
Land Market Report
By Jared Groce
The rural land market held steady in July after the increase we saw in June, with nearly identical numbers of transactions and similar pricing. Buyer inquiries rose noticeably in July, with most agents and brokers reporting a sharp increase in calls and showings. Title companies and lenders also report more transactions since July 1, which suggests buyer sentiment may be picking up as summer draws to an end.
The gap between list price and sale price improved compared with June, with the sale-to-list ratio running much higher than the previous month. Total days on market dropped somewhat from June. Several larger tracts also closed in July compared with the rest of 2026 to date.
It is still a buyer’s market, and I expect that trend to continue through the year. Once the Fed lowers interest rates, buyer sentiment will likely climb even more and push us back toward a seller’s market, but who knows when that might happen. In the meantime, we are all fighting higher prices at the pump, higher input costs for seed, fertilizer and hay, and big jumps in insurance premiums across the board. The good news, if you are selling, is that cattle prices remain at an all-time high.
They say the best time to plant a tree was 20 years ago, and the second-best time is today. The same is true of buying land. Get some dirt on your hands.
| County | Area | Acres | $/Acre | List Price | Sold Price | Sale/List | DOM |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clay | Henrietta | 25.02 | $13,789 | $345,000 | $345,000 | 100.00% | 5 |
| Clay | Petrolia | 77.72 | $4,825 | $399,000 | $275,000 | 94.00% | 24 |
| Clay | Average | 51.37 | $9,307 | $372,000 | $360,000 | 97.00% | 15 |
| Collin | Blue Ridge | 11.03 | $30,740 | $358,400 | $339,000 | 94.60% | 58 |
| Collin | Blue Ridge | 11 | $48,182 | $550,000 | $530,000 | 96.40% | 325 |
| Collin | Farmersville | 20.97 | $30,514 | $625,000 | $640,000 | 102.40% | 443 |
| Collin | Farmersville | 32.9 | $30,395 | $1,149,000 | $1,000,000 | 87.00% | 315 |
| Collin | Anna | 14.2 | $73,970 | $1,200,000 | $1,050,000 | 87.50% | 50 |
| Collin | Average | 18.02 | $42,760 | $776,480 | $711,800 | 93.60% | 238 |
| Cooke | Collinsville | 11 | $35,364 | $389,000 | $389,000 | 100.00% | 343 |
| Cooke | Gainesville | 43.08 | $15,669 | $775,400 | $675,000 | 87.00% | 5 |
| Cooke | Average | 27.04 | $25,616 | $582,220 | $532,000 | 93.50% | 174 |
| Denton | Krum | 11.93 | $25,086 | $300,000 | $299,204 | 99.70% | 34 |
| Denton | Ponder | 14.92 | $46,917 | $988,200 | $700,000 | 70.80% | 170 |
| Denton | Denton | 22.37 | $90,198 | $2,017,730 | $2,017,730 | 100.00% | 160 |
| Denton | Sanger | 122.36 | $26,153 | $3,360,000 | $3,200,000 | 95.20% | 289 |
| Denton | Sanger | 328.06 | $10,813 | $3,608,000 | $3,547,186 | 98.30% | 11 |
| Denton | Average | 99.93 | $39,833 | $2,054,786 | $1,952,824 | 92.80% | 133 |
| Grayson | Sherman | 23.06 | $13,010 | $395,000 | $300,000 | 75.90% | 7 |
| Grayson | Bells | 11 | $303,909 | $360,000 | $340,000 | 94.40% | 356 |
| Grayson | Collinsville | 11.39 | $49,109 | $619,500 | $559,350 | 90.30% | 183 |
| Grayson | Gunter | 11.5 | $69,000 | $882,874 | $793,500 | 89.90% | 259 |
| Grayson | Average | 14.24 | $40,009 | $507,250 | $449,675 | 90.10% | 221 |
| Jack | Jacksboro | 29.17 | $8,742 | $261,072 | $255,000 | 97.70% | 191 |
| Jack | Jacksboro | 171 | $11,809 | $2,223,000 | $2,019,298 | 90.80% | 148 |
| Jack | Poolville | 202 | $15,347 | $3,434,000 | $3,100,000 | 90.30% | 312 |
| Jack | Average | 134.06 | $11,966 | $1,972,691 | $1,791,433 | 92.90% | 217 |
| Montague | Bowie | 10.01 | $17,483 | $175,000 | $175,000 | 100.00% | 5 |
| Montague | Bowie | 46.3 | $10,043 | $650,000 | $465,000 | 71.50% | 10 |
| Montague | Bowie | 56.02 | $12,049 | $700,250 | $675,000 | 96.40% | 30 |
| Montague | Forestburg | 212.17 | $7,494 | $2,697,000 | $1,590,000 | 93.70% | 369 |
| Montague | Nocona | 192.32 | $11,716 | $2,355,840 | $2,300,000 | 97.60% | 91 |
| Montague | Nocona | 575.87 | $11,287 | $6,910,440 | $6,500,000 | 94.10% | 56 |
| Montague | Nocona | 934.29 | $8,244 | $8,806,000 | $7,701,855 | 87.50% | 333 |
| Montague | Average | 290.14 | $11,188 | $3,042,076 | $2,772,408 | 91.50% | 128 |
| Wise | Chico | 11.4 | $18,421 | $210,000 | $210,000 | 100.00% | 170 |
| Wise | Chico | 14 | $17,143 | $249,900 | $240,000 | 96.00% | 18 |
| Wise | Decatur | 10.15 | $28,498 | $379,000 | $289,258 | 76.30% | 115 |
| Wise | Decatur | 10.15 | $28,498 | $379,000 | $289,258 | 76.30% | 115 |
| Wise | Decatur | 11.61 | $28,498 | $438,000 | $330,865 | 75.50% | 115 |
| Wise | Decatur | 14.58 | $28,506 | $524,880 | $415,619 | 79.20% | 115 |
| Wise | Boyd | 61.34 | $11,575 | $775,000 | $710,000 | 91.60% | 251 |
| Wise | Poolville | 115.69 | $9,076 | $1,300,000 | $1,050,000 | 80.80% | 75 |
| Wise | Average | 31.11 | $21,277 | $533,973 | $441,875 | 84.10% | 122 |
Farm & Ranch
Noble Learning: What Your Grass and Cover Crops Need to Succeed
By Laura Nelson
Planting a seed may be the ultimate act of faith and hope. Giving it the right conditions to thrive takes action on our part.
Jim Johnson, Noble Research Institute’s senior regenerative ranching advisor, says building the right conditions in your soil will improve the odds of successful germination and growth.
“Building healthy soil is something we work at every day, all year long,” Johnson says.
Whether you’re planting a cover crop for the first time or trying to add diversity to your pastureland, new seeds have the same requirements for a good start: viable seed, good seed-to-soil contact, adequate moisture, proper temperatures and available oxygen.
“Those aren’t necessarily things that you can just take care of the day you decide to go plant,” Johnson says. “They’re soil management actions that we take every day.”
Start with the best seed
Start with high-quality, vigorous seed.
“A vigorous seed is going to be more forgiving if conditions are less than ideal,” Johnson says. A laboratory can run a cold germination test or a stress test to give you a good idea of a seed lot’s viability.
When comparing seed of the same species, look at the number of seeds per pound. If one rye cover crop has 26,000 seeds per pound and another of the same variety has 16,000, the 16,000-seed lot has bigger seeds.
“You want big, plump seeds for that variety, because the bigger and plumper seeds typically have more of the stored energy they need to get started,” he says.
Maximize seed-to-soil contact
A seed has to soak up moisture from the soil to soften and swell for germination. Picture each seed as a cube. Broadcast it on the surface, and only one side touches the soil. Push it down a little, and parts of the other sides touch the dirt around it. Push it down and firmly cover it with soil, and all six sides can make contact, but only if the soil structure is in good condition.
Hard, compacted soil makes it difficult to get seed into the ground and to get the soil to close back around it. Loose, fluffy soil is full of air gaps that prevent seed-to-soil contact. You want to plant into friable soil that crumbles easily when squeezed, about the consistency of cottage cheese or a moist chocolate cake. That gives the seed its best chance.
Ground cover helps build more friable soil, but too much residue can keep seed from reaching the soil. A well-calibrated, well-maintained no-till drill can plant through tons of residue. If you’re broadcasting seed into grass or a crop field with residue, Johnson suggests using livestock to graze off or remove excess cover first. Used correctly, high-density, short-duration grazing can also help tread broadcast seed into the soil.
If livestock aren’t an option, consider another limited, well-timed disturbance to get the seed in touch with the soil. A quick pass with a disc to chop residue while incorporating the seed, or burning residue just before seeding, can give new plants a fresh start.
Adequate moisture matters
Seed-to-soil contact only works if the soil holds enough moisture to reach the seed. In general, a seed needs at least a quarter inch of precipitation to germinate, plus another quarter to half inch for the plant to establish.
A good, well-timed rain is the quickest path to success, but encouraging diverse root systems over the long term builds a moist, fertile environment.
“We always have to be thinking about how we can set the soil up to absorb and hold water,” Johnson says. Heavier residue helps hold moisture and protects the surface from evaporation, and living roots open pore space so water can find its way in.
Healthy soil that holds moisture helps insulate a seed waiting for rain. If you see noticeable erosion on your land, your water cycle is broken. Keep the ground covered to slow water down and help it soak in.
Keep the temperature right
Many seeds tolerate soil temperatures from just above freezing into the low 100s, but the ideal range for germination is typically 65 to 85 degrees Fahrenheit. You’ll want to be confident soil temperatures will stay in the right range for that seed for at least three days in a row, and ideally five. A forecast showing a favorable trend can work, too.
“If we’re planting a cool season crop in the fall, we might be able to plant into soil we know is too hot to germinate,” Johnson says. “But if the days are getting shorter and cooler, and we have a little rain in the immediate forecast, we’re trending in the right direction.”
Timing always matters, but your temperature window widens as your soil health improves.
“We know we can plant earlier or later if we have good, healthy soil,” he says. Healthy, covered, root-filled soil holds a steadier temperature regardless of the air temperature.
Give it room to breathe
Waterlogged or compacted soils starve seeds of the oxygen they need. A heavy rain may soak a seed and trigger germination, but the seed will drown if it sits underwater for more than a couple of days.
One problem often leads to another. Wet soils compact easily, so keep animals and machinery off waterlogged ground, especially before planting. The right amount of ground cover will also soften the effects of compaction.
To show how much ground cover reduces compaction, Johnson often lays his hand on the ground during Noble’s Land Essentials course and invites the biggest student in the class to stand on it. First, though, he gathers plant residue and litter and covers his hand.
“It’s a pretty powerful demonstration when they can stand on my hand, and I hardly feel it,” Johnson says. “That’s how big a cushion residue makes for our soil surface.”
Preventing compaction, building organic matter and improving water absorption also help keep the soil surface from crusting over a seed, another obstacle to a good stand.
“All these things matter and make a difference in your seed germination,” Johnson says. “Healthy soil with good soil structure is easier to plant into, easier to get all the conditions your seed needs to germinate and establish, and easier to get a good stand in.”
Unpredictable weather can still wreck the best-laid plans, but good soil conditions give your seeds their best chance whether you drill or broadcast your new forage crop.
Farm & Ranch
Don’t Wait Until They Fly
By Savannah Magoteaux
Walk across a pasture in a bad grasshopper year, and you’ll hear them before you see them. Hundreds of insects scatter with every step, springing out of the grass in all directions. A few grasshoppers are a normal part of the landscape, but a population explosion can frustrate farmers, ranchers and homeowners alike.
Grasshoppers can eat tremendous amounts of vegetation. They strip forage from pastures, damage gardens, defoliate young trees and feed on many row crops. In drought years, when forage is already short, heavy grasshopper pressure makes a hard situation worse.
You can reduce the damage. The challenge is knowing when control will work and when it is too late to make much difference.
Why are there so many this year?
Grasshopper numbers rise and fall from year to year, and weather plays a major role in whether they stay manageable or explode.
Warm, dry springs generally favor grasshopper survival. Females lay egg pods in undisturbed soil during late summer and fall. Those eggs stay in the ground through winter and hatch the following spring.
If the winter is mild and the spring stays dry, more young grasshoppers survive. Dry weather also suppresses many of the fungal diseases that normally help keep grasshopper numbers down.
By summer, millions of young insects may already be feeding across rangeland and pastures.
Timing is everything
One of the biggest mistakes landowners make is waiting until grasshoppers have fully developed wings before deciding to act.
Young grasshoppers, called nymphs, are much easier to control. They stay concentrated near where they hatched, can’t fly long distances and take much less insecticide if treatment becomes necessary.
Once they become winged adults, the picture changes. Adult grasshoppers move easily and can fly into treated areas from neighboring fields. Even if a treatment knocks down the local population, new insects may keep arriving all summer.
That is why many Extension specialists stress early monitoring instead of waiting until the damage is obvious.
How much damage can they cause?
Grasshoppers feed on hundreds of plant species. In pastures, they eat grass your livestock would otherwise graze. During severe outbreaks, they may also feed on broadleaf plants, garden vegetables, flowers and young shrubs.
In drought years, the damage shows even more because forage is already stressed. Grasshoppers often gather along field edges first, then move deeper into pastures as food runs short.
Young trees can suffer, too. Newly planted windbreaks, fruit trees and ornamental trees may lose a lot of foliage when grasshopper numbers are high.
What can you do?
No single solution eliminates grasshoppers, but several practices can reduce the damage.
Start with regular scouting. Walking fields every week in late spring and early summer lets you spot rising populations before serious feeding begins.
Good pasture management helps, too. Healthy, vigorous forage generally holds up to feeding better than drought-stressed or overgrazed pasture. Avoiding overgrazing leaves plants more leaf area to recover after insects feed.
Around gardens and homes, mowing tall weeds and unmanaged vegetation can reduce the places where grasshoppers feed and reproduce. It won’t stop an outbreak, but it can make your property less attractive to them.
Natural predators pitch in. Birds, wild turkeys, guineas, chickens, spiders, robber flies and praying mantises all eat grasshoppers. They rarely provide full control in outbreak years, but they help keep numbers lower in normal seasons.
Insecticides can work, but don’t treat them as an automatic solution. Treatment generally works best while most grasshoppers are still immature nymphs. By the time adults are flying, you may need repeated applications because new insects keep moving into treated areas.
Whether treatment pays often depends on how heavy the infestation is and how valuable the crop or pasture is. Extension recommendations commonly use population thresholds to help decide whether control is economically justified, rather than treating every field just because grasshoppers are present.
If you use insecticides, choose products labeled for the site, and follow all label directions on application rates, grazing restrictions and environmental precautions.
Once adult females start laying eggs in late summer, there is little you can do. Those eggs stay in the soil until spring, so early monitoring the next year matters even more after a big outbreak.
Grasshopper populations rarely stay at outbreak levels forever. Weather, predators, disease and natural cycles eventually bring numbers back down. In years that favor grasshoppers, though, producers who scout early and respond quickly usually fare far better than those who wait until the pasture appears to be moving.
No one can eliminate grasshoppers from the landscape, and no one should try. They are a natural part of the ecosystem and an important food source for many wildlife species. The goal is to hold damage to an acceptable level while protecting the long-term health of your pastures, crops and beneficial insects.
By the time grasshoppers are flying up with every step you take through the pasture, much of the damage is already done. The best defense starts weeks earlier, while the insects are young, populations are easier to manage and you have more options.
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