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Neonicotinoid insecticides losing efficiency in potato psyllid control

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By: Kay Ledbetter

AgriLife Research study shows biological control may help

Writer: Kay Ledbetter, 806-677-5608, [email protected]
Contact: Dr. Ada Szczepaniec, 806-354-5806, [email protected]

AMARILLO – The potato industry may be losing a mainstay in the battle against psyllids, according to a recent Texas A&M AgriLife Research study.

Dr. Ada Szczepaniec discusses her greenhouse study on potato psyllid resistance to neonicotinoid insecticides. (Texas A&M AgriLife photo by Kay Ledbetter)

Dr. Ada Szczepaniec, AgriLife Research entomologist in Amarillo, said while there may be varying degrees of resistance to neonicotinoid insecticides in populations of psyllids across Texas, her recent study indicates they’ve lost their punch.

“We are able to provide strong evidence that these insecticides no longer suppress populations of psyllids below desirable levels,” Szczepaniec said. “However, there may be some biological control measures to help in this ongoing battle against the potato psyllid.”

The potato psyllid is a tiny insect with sucking, piercing mouthparts that transmits a bacterium, Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum or Lso, which causes a disease called zebra chip and can cause tremendous losses to producers, she said. Producers have used the neonicotinoid insecticides to protect their solanaceous crops, mostly potatoes, in the past.

Szczepaniec said the study, funded by the Texas Department of Agriculture, indicates applications of neonicotinoid insecticides at planting, which are a considerable cost for producers, should be replaced with investments in post-emergence applications of insecticides other than neonicotinoids.

Integrating predators in suppression of psyllids could also be considered, especially when incidence of Lso is low and the threat of zebra chip disease is decreased, she said. However, more research is needed before recommendations regarding biological control can be made.

Her study included colonies of the potato psyllid from all major potato-producing areas of Texas. These colonies were established and maintained in the greenhouse for at least two generations before experiments examining their resistance to neonicotinoid insecticides began.

“Over the course of a year and a half, we completed testing the majority of the populations of psyllids for resistance to imidacloprid and thiamethoxam,” Szczepaniec said.

Colonies of the potato psyllid from all major potato-producing areas of Texas were studied. (Texas A&M AgriLife photo by Kay Ledbetter)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Based on the Insecticide Resistance Action Committee definition of resistance, “heritable change in the sensitivity of a pest population that is reflected in the repeated failure of a product to achieve expected level of control,” the potato psyllid populations across Texas are resistant to both neonicotinoid insecticides, she said.

Szczepaniec conducted a second study to identify alternative biological controls. Surveys of all arthropods associated with three different potato types – a russet, a red and a chipping variety – were carried out at the AgriLife Research station near Bushland.

“While we have only one year of data to draw our conclusions, the survey has revealed trends in predator abundance that have important implications for potato production,” she said.

“First, potatoes harbor a relatively diverse group of predators, and minute pirate bugs in particular are associated with potatoes throughout the season,” Szczepaniec said. “This is important because they were identified as key predators of the potato psyllid and their presence is important to suppression of the psyllid.”

She said other predators included long-legged flies, which are generalist predators, lady beetles, spiders, parasitoid wasps and syrphid flies. Russet potatoes had the highest prevalence of predators.

Second, Szczepaniec said, it was important that minute pirate bugs were strongly correlated with thrips, which were also abundant in potatoes throughout the season. Minute pirate bugs are highly attracted to thrips, which are not key pests of potatoes.

“So, it appears that the secondary pests, thrips, may help support a resident population of minute pirate bugs that can suppress the primary pest, potato psyllid,” she said.

However, Szczepaniec did not encounter significant numbers of potato psyllids in the survey, thus the impact of these predators on psyllids could not be established. It is likely, though, that if minute pirate bugs are present, it would inhibit colonization and suppress numbers of the potato psyllid.

“When the cumulative numbers of predators were examined over the sampling period, we noted relatively high initial numbers of lady beetles and minute pirate bugs that decreased in abundance immediately following a broad-spectrum insecticide that was applied to suppress grasshoppers,” she said. “This trend is not surprising and it validates our decision to survey potatoes in a field at our research farm that is not subject to an intense insecticide management program.”

Szczepaniec said while a transient influx of generalist predators can have an impact on pest suppression, the persistent presence of resident populations of generalist predators is key to effective biological control.

“We know managing the potato psyllid and zebra chip disease will require a comprehensive and integrated approach going forward, and this research successfully establishes one class of insecticides as no longer effective in potato protection,” she said.

“Given the high incidence of the key psyllid predator, we believe integrating insecticide applications at lower intensity than weekly sprays with biological control releases may provide a viable option for psyllid suppression, especially when the proportion of psyllids transmitting the pathogen is very low,” Szczepaniec said.

She admitted that much research remains to be done in order to test the feasibility of this approach. The next most immediate research focus will be to identify if populations of psyllids across Texas are resistant to any other frequently used insecticides.

 

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Farm & Ranch

Land Market Report: March Land Sales

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By Jared Groce

Rural land sales are continuing on a steady pace for early spring, with prices holding very strong with the sell-to-list price ratios remaining very high, even on properties that have been on the market for a longer than usual time period. The total number of transactions are picking up once again as the spring selling season kicks off, and the average acreage continues to decrease.

Larger acreage properties seem to be in higher demand than smaller properties currently, with many buyers simply parking cash in real estate to hedge against inflation. Interest rates seem to have settled down and most experts agree that rates will be reduced by the fed this year. Some lenders have programs in place that allow the buyer to reduce their rates without having to go through a full refinance ordeal.

To read more, pick up a copy of the May issue of NTFR magazine. To subscribe by mail, call 940-872-5922.

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Farm & Ranch

Texas FFA State Vice President Weston Parr

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Future Farmers of America was founded by a group of farmers in 1928 with the mission of preparing the next generation of agriculture. It has done just that during its 95-year history, as the organization works to give back to others by following its motto, “learning to do, doing to learn, earning to live, living to serve.”

FFA is an organization made up of state associations, and at the helm of the Texas FFA is a team of 12 officers representing their respective areas within the Lone Star State. These individuals dedicate a year of their lives as they serve members, provide leadership, and work together with the state staff and board of directors to develop policy and lead the organization of over 177,000 members.

North Texas is represented by Area IV and Area IV, stretching from Wilbarger County to Bell County and from Runnels County to Grayson County. This year, those chosen to lead this great area are State President Isaac Hawkins Jr., Area IV, and State Vice President Weston Parr, Area V.

Parr is from the Sam Rayburn FFA chapter and the Area V Association, but the leader who now serves more than 19,100 members of Area V entered the FFA organization as a shy teenager who sat in the back of the room.

“I didn’t talk to a whole lot of people. I didn’t know what I wanted to do with my life or where I could see myself, so I wasn’t involved on my high school campus,” Parr recalled.

“Then I started FFA and slowly but surely, my ag teachers worked me into attending more contests, meeting new people, and speaking. I remember the first time I gave an officer speech to my chapter. I can still remember how embarrassing it was. To see the progression from that moment to speaking on stage at the state convention in front of thousands of people. Now I feel like I can enter the industry I want and be successful all because of what FFA afforded me for five years.”

There is not much Parr did not do during his time in high school. His contest participation included chapter conducting, wool judging, cotton judging, wildlife, and job interview, but his favorite was extemporaneous speaking, which he did not start until his senior year of high school.

“I wish I could go back to my freshman, sophomore, and junior years and start that sooner. I think if I had more time, I would have been more successful than I already was, but that was something I didn’t realize I liked at the time. I’m not naturally somebody who likes to speak in public, but it was actually my favorite,” Parr said.

Parr won several awards during his time competing. In 2023 alone, Parr earned the Texas FFA Service-Learning Proficiency title, was a National FFA Service-Learning Proficiency finalist, and a Texas FFA Extemporaneous Speaking finalist. In addition to his CDE and LDE events during high school, he showed commercial steers at Houston, and boilers at most major shows, participated in the county show with projects in ag mechanics, showed goats from time to time, and showed heifers until graduation.

“FFA provides invaluable resources and knowledge to be successful once you leave high school and you are out of the blue jacket for the first time. I have been a part of a lot of great organizations over the years, and they are all great in their own way, but in my opinion, FFA is the most successful at producing members of society who want to go and do something with themselves,” Parr said.

He was halfway through his time as Area V Association President and attending the national convention when he began to ponder the idea of running for state office.

“This is around the time when you usually figure out if you want to go through and be a state officer or you decide that area officer is your last run. I was unsure of where I wanted to go, but I knew I didn’t want to be done with FFA. I decided maybe it would be a good opportunity not only for me to make more friendships and connections, but also to give back to the program that allowed me to be able to do what I can do today,” Parr explained.

To read more, pick up a copy of the May issue of NTFR magazine. To subscribe by mail, call 940-872-5922.

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Farm & Ranch

Texas FFA State President Isaac Hawkins, Jr.

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FFA is an organization made up of state associations, and at the helm of the Texas FFA is a team of 12 officers representing their respective areas within the Lone Star State. These individuals dedicate a year of their lives as they serve members, provide leadership, and work together with the state staff and board of directors to develop policy and lead the organization of over 177,000 members.

North Texas is represented by Area IV and Area IV, stretching from Wilbarger County to Bell County and from Runnels County to Grayson County. This year, those chosen to lead this great area are State President Isaac Hawkins Jr., Area IV, and State Vice President Weston Parr, Area V.

These young leaders share a drive to give back to the organization that has given to them as they work to support FFA members while preparing for a future in the agricultural industry.

From the 12 selected representatives, delegates elect a president and first vice president, with the remaining 10 serving as vice presidents from their respective area associations. The selection process consists of a popular vote by delegates at the state convention, which accounts for 40 percent of the decision, and a committee process that includes a written knowledge exam, worth 10 percent, and an interview, accounting for 50 percent. This year, after all was said and done, Hawkins was named this year’s Texas FFA President.

Hawkins grew up as part of a large, blended family with five sisters and three brothers. While he says he did not grow up in agriculture, his youth was spent outside fishing and doing all things outdoors with his father, whom he calls his best friend. As he entered Hirschi High School in Wichita Falls, Hawkins knew he wanted to be a vet but was unsure of what courses to take to set himself on that path.

“I signed up for ag principals just because they had animals in the description. The first day of class we talked about churning butter, and I went to my school counselor that same day and told her to change my schedule immediately, but she refused. She made me stay there,” Hawkins laughed. “Luckily, I had an incredible ag teacher, and she really helped me to fall in love with the program.”

To read more, pick up a copy of the May issue of NTFR magazine. To subscribe by mail, call 940-872-5922.

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