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By: Kay Ledbetter

Writer: Kay Ledbetter, 806-677-5608, [email protected]
Contact: Dr. Jourdan Bell, 806-677-5600, [email protected]
Dr. Ted McCollum, 806-677-5600, [email protected]

AMARILLO – Ongoing Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service sorghum silage trials have revealed forage type and variety are key considerations to optimizing both quantity and quality, according to two specialists.

Dr. Jourdan Bell, AgriLife Extension agronomist in Amarillo, said the 2014 trials in Potter County under center pivot irrigation evaluated 90 forage sorghum silage varieties for optimal yield and quality.

Bell said because silage is in high demand by both feedyards and dairies in the High Plains, she and Dr. Ted McCollum, AgriLife Extension beef cattle specialist of Amarillo, are taking a closer look at what makes a difference in production outcomes, especially on sorghum silage.

“In many areas with declining well capacities, sorghum silages are a great alternative to corn silage,” Bell said. “Producers can achieve very good sorghum silage yields with about half the irrigation water requirement of corn silages.”

But, she said, not all sorghum silage varieties are created alike. There is great variability in yield and quality between varieties, which is why the AgriLife Extension variety trials are used by many producers as they make their variety selections.

“Variety selection is really key to achieving optimum yield and quality,” she said. “It is important to evaluate the different sorghums used for forage and silage production. When we discuss types, there are forage sorghums, sudangrasses and sorghum-sudangrasses.”

In these different types, Bell explained, there are normal or conventional varieties, brown midrib varieties that have decreased lignin and increased digestibility, and several different maturity classes, including photoperiod-sensitive varieties.

The initiation of reproduction by the photoperiod-sensitive varieties is regulated by day length, McCollum said. Reproductive activity will not begin until day length is less than 12.3 to 12.5 hours. In the High Plains, this is about mid-September. As a result, these varieties will not flower until mid-October, if weather permits.

Bell said the 2014 trials included 44 non-brown midrib varieties and 46 brown midrib varieties. Of the entries, 15 were photoperiod sensitive. She said varietal selection showed up during the trials as the key to achieving optimum yield and quality.

“We saw a wide range in yields among the varieties,” she said. “Our maximum yield was 39.8 tons per acre at 65 percent moisture, while the lowest yielding variety was 11.3 tons per acre at 65 percent moisture. The trial average was 21.7 tons per acre at 65 percent moisture. We had some very good yielding varieties.”

However, Bell said, 2014 growing conditions significantly affected yields. While 8.5 inches of irrigation was applied, the plots received 9.2 inches of in-season precipitation.

“In addition to very timely in-season precipitation that greatly enhanced crop production, we received 5.3 inches of precipitation in May and June prior to planting, which provided very good stored soil moisture,” she said.

Bell said there were also significant differences in quality between varieties.

“We evaluated crude protein, acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber, lignin, starch, neutral detergent fiber digestibility and relative feed quality,” she said. “In general, the brown midrib varieties had the greatest digestibility and crude protein values, while the photoperiod-sensitive varieties tended to be lower quality and the others in between.”

Bell said because the photoperiod-sensitive varieties remain in the vegetative stage of development longer, average yields were greatest; however, lignin was greater and digestibility was lower, which is reflected in lower relative feed quality scores.

McCollum said in the 2014 trials, as in previous years, there was a great deal of overlap in quality among these different genetic types, “so comparing actual trial data for specific varieties is a better selection approach than simply using genetic type.”

“Selection of a silage variety should first consider where the silage will be placed in the nutritional management program of the end user,” he said. “Some production systems need higher feed quality and yield may be a secondary consideration, while other systems may be less focused on feed quality and yield may be a greater consideration.

“One variety or type does not necessarily fit all, especially when we reframe the thought process and include the water needs and irrigation capabilities in the discussion rather than just focusing on the end use of the silage,” McCollum said. “The diverse types and varieties give a producer and an end user the capability of fitting a variety to their capabilities and needs.”

Harvest timing is also very important with regards to silage quality, Bell said. The ideal harvest time optimizes both quantity and quality of the forage, but with silage, “we also must consider harvest moisture, which affects the packing of the silage and silage quality.”

In this trial, all varieties were harvested at or near the soft dough stage.

“Harvest timing is critical if an end user is relying on grain production in the silage crop,” McCollum said. “If harvest is delayed beyond soft dough, digestibility of the starch in the sorghum berries declines severely. It is best to err on the early side of harvest rather than the late side.”

Complete results of the forage trials will be available at http://varietytesting.tamu.edu .

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Farm & Ranch

Meanwhile, Back at the Ranch…

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By Rayford Pullen | [email protected]

When May arrives, we start thinking about weed control. With two years of drought under our belts, grass grazed short and hay stocks depleted, what we do now will influence our forage conditions for the entire year. With 75 percent of our annual warm season forages made by July 15 in North Texas, we need to get the grass growing while the sun shines.

Speaking of the sun shining, the biggest deterrent to growing lots of grass is restricted sunlight, and the biggest sun blockers we have are weeds.

Have you noticed weeds are normally just slightly taller than your grass and are probably blocking 90 percent of the sunlight from reaching the grass itself? So obviously, we need to improve conditions, so sunlight reaches the plants we want to grow.

With grass extremely short, more sunlight is hitting the soil surface now, which in turn results in more weed seed germinating. With the moisture we have received, we expect an abundance of weeds this year.

To read more, pick up a copy of the May issue of NTFR magazine. To subscribe by mail, call 940-872-5922.

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Farm & Ranch

Land Market Report: March Land Sales

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By Jared Groce

Rural land sales are continuing on a steady pace for early spring, with prices holding very strong with the sell-to-list price ratios remaining very high, even on properties that have been on the market for a longer than usual time period. The total number of transactions are picking up once again as the spring selling season kicks off, and the average acreage continues to decrease.

Larger acreage properties seem to be in higher demand than smaller properties currently, with many buyers simply parking cash in real estate to hedge against inflation. Interest rates seem to have settled down and most experts agree that rates will be reduced by the fed this year. Some lenders have programs in place that allow the buyer to reduce their rates without having to go through a full refinance ordeal.

To read more, pick up a copy of the May issue of NTFR magazine. To subscribe by mail, call 940-872-5922.

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Farm & Ranch

Texas FFA State Vice President Weston Parr

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Future Farmers of America was founded by a group of farmers in 1928 with the mission of preparing the next generation of agriculture. It has done just that during its 95-year history, as the organization works to give back to others by following its motto, “learning to do, doing to learn, earning to live, living to serve.”

FFA is an organization made up of state associations, and at the helm of the Texas FFA is a team of 12 officers representing their respective areas within the Lone Star State. These individuals dedicate a year of their lives as they serve members, provide leadership, and work together with the state staff and board of directors to develop policy and lead the organization of over 177,000 members.

North Texas is represented by Area IV and Area IV, stretching from Wilbarger County to Bell County and from Runnels County to Grayson County. This year, those chosen to lead this great area are State President Isaac Hawkins Jr., Area IV, and State Vice President Weston Parr, Area V.

Parr is from the Sam Rayburn FFA chapter and the Area V Association, but the leader who now serves more than 19,100 members of Area V entered the FFA organization as a shy teenager who sat in the back of the room.

“I didn’t talk to a whole lot of people. I didn’t know what I wanted to do with my life or where I could see myself, so I wasn’t involved on my high school campus,” Parr recalled.

“Then I started FFA and slowly but surely, my ag teachers worked me into attending more contests, meeting new people, and speaking. I remember the first time I gave an officer speech to my chapter. I can still remember how embarrassing it was. To see the progression from that moment to speaking on stage at the state convention in front of thousands of people. Now I feel like I can enter the industry I want and be successful all because of what FFA afforded me for five years.”

There is not much Parr did not do during his time in high school. His contest participation included chapter conducting, wool judging, cotton judging, wildlife, and job interview, but his favorite was extemporaneous speaking, which he did not start until his senior year of high school.

“I wish I could go back to my freshman, sophomore, and junior years and start that sooner. I think if I had more time, I would have been more successful than I already was, but that was something I didn’t realize I liked at the time. I’m not naturally somebody who likes to speak in public, but it was actually my favorite,” Parr said.

Parr won several awards during his time competing. In 2023 alone, Parr earned the Texas FFA Service-Learning Proficiency title, was a National FFA Service-Learning Proficiency finalist, and a Texas FFA Extemporaneous Speaking finalist. In addition to his CDE and LDE events during high school, he showed commercial steers at Houston, and boilers at most major shows, participated in the county show with projects in ag mechanics, showed goats from time to time, and showed heifers until graduation.

“FFA provides invaluable resources and knowledge to be successful once you leave high school and you are out of the blue jacket for the first time. I have been a part of a lot of great organizations over the years, and they are all great in their own way, but in my opinion, FFA is the most successful at producing members of society who want to go and do something with themselves,” Parr said.

He was halfway through his time as Area V Association President and attending the national convention when he began to ponder the idea of running for state office.

“This is around the time when you usually figure out if you want to go through and be a state officer or you decide that area officer is your last run. I was unsure of where I wanted to go, but I knew I didn’t want to be done with FFA. I decided maybe it would be a good opportunity not only for me to make more friendships and connections, but also to give back to the program that allowed me to be able to do what I can do today,” Parr explained.

To read more, pick up a copy of the May issue of NTFR magazine. To subscribe by mail, call 940-872-5922.

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