Connect with us

Farm & Ranch

[AgriLife Today] Monarchs on the move

Published

on

By: Steve Byrns

Thousands of monarch butterflies provide a royal spectacle each fall

Writer: Steve Byrns, 325-653-4576, [email protected]
Contact: Dr. Charles Allen, 325-653-4576, [email protected]

SAN ANGELO – Tens of thousands of monarch butterflies have been migrating through the Concho Valley in recent days, and a Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service entomologist hopes Texans stop to appreciate what he terms is truly a royal procession.

“These are special insects, and they are moving through our country here in San Angelo in a big way,” said Dr. Charles Allen who is headquartered at the Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center at San Angelo. “There were literally thousands of them in the trees at the center here, probably 10,000 or more. And then a cold front moved through, and they’re all gone.”

Allen said San Angelo is a bit west of their annual migration route to Mexico with their main thoroughfare roughly paralleling Interstate 35 through Central Texas.

       The butterflies at the AgriLife center, which covered the large pecan and oak trees in places more densely than the leaves, seemed fearless and remained undisturbed by the many birds in the area. Allen said that’s because they have a not-so-secret weapon, one of their two main features the entomologist said makes them special among all other animals.

“The monarch as a caterpillar feeds on milkweed. Along with nutrition, the larva obtains milkweed protective chemicals, which it holds within its body even as it changes into a butterfly. These chemicals affect anything that might want to eat it either later as a butterfly or as a larvae or caterpillar,” he said.

“The compounds don’t taste good, and birds eating them become sick, though they don’t die, so they quickly figure out that this brightly colored insect that’s floating peacefully through the air is not food, and they don’t eat them.”

“And not only will they not eat a monarch butterfly, they won’t eat anything that even looks like a monarch, so a number of insects have evolved to look just like a monarch because they are afforded the same respect and protection. That’s pretty special.”

But there’s something even more special about the monarch, Allen said. It’s their incredible 2,000-mile migration, which is unique in all of the animal kingdom.

“All the monarch butterflies we see and enjoy in our area, in fact all those across the eastern half of the U.S. winter in a small area of only about 10 acres southwest of Mexico City,” Allen said.

But if that is not incredible enough, Allen said the butterflies being seen headed toward Mexico now have never been close to Mexico, nor have their parents or grandparents.

https://youtu.be/HOpBa53ui3g

He said each spring the monarchs leave Mexico heading north. They lay eggs on milkweed, the adults die, the eggs hatch, the larvae feed on the milkweed and become butterflies. This cycle occurs three more times as they head up through Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska and on up through Minnesota, Michigan and finally Canada.

“The ones that emerged in September in Canada are the ones we are seeing now here in San Angelo,” he said. “They are the world-class travelers, the ones now heading to Mexico. They are the great, great grandsons and granddaughters, four generations removed from those ancestors that started the cycle just last spring. So none of these butterflies or even the three previous generations have ever been to Mexico, a roughly 2,000 mile one-way trip. And yet with a ‘brain’ smaller than the tip of a fine pencil lead, they know right where to go.”

Allen said past experiments have purposely taken tagged butterflies 1,000 miles off course and even with that detour, they end up in Mexico on that roughly 10-acre plot.

“It’s just an amazing feat, and that’s another reason why monarchs are royal in my opinion,” he said. “No other insect or animal does that. Four generations out and they still know their way back to their historic overwintering grounds, a place this generation has never seen before. It’s an amazing story.”

But all is not well in the kingdom of the monarch, Allen said. Their numbers are falling, and the proof of that is easy enough to determine.

“The number of monarchs are determined by measuring that small acreage in Mexico. That’s done from photos taken from airplanes or even via satellite. They measure the size of the land area that turns from the green of the foliage to the orange of the butterflies as the insects arrive and roost on the trees. By this we know their populations are down significantly, over90 percent, from what they were 15 years ago. Fortunately, during the last two years we have seen their numbers recover somewhat, but they are still less than 50 percent of what they were before.”

One of the reasons is they are dependent on very large-trunked old forest trees at their overwintering site, Allen said.

“Those large trunks or boles are heat sinks,” Allen said. “And when the occasional cold snap moves through the area, heat radiating from those large trunks enable the butterflies to survive.

“The area is a preserve and very dear to the people of Mexico who celebrate the butterflies’ annual return, which coincides with the annual Dia de Los Muertos or Day of the Dead celebration. The monarchs are said to represent the souls of departed ancestors returning for the annual visit.

“But that area has been plagued by illegal logging activities,” Allen said. “Hopefully, the attention in the media and elsewhere is bringing the plight of the monarch into focus and will help the Mexican government protect those trees that are so important to the survival of this species.”

In the U.S., Allen said, a lawsuit filed in early 2016 to declare the monarch a threatened species targets farmers use of genetically modified crops and herbicides associated with the loss of milkweed, the larvaes’ primary food source.

“It’s not a problem with the generation of monarchs that reproduce in Texas as we grow a lot of milkweed on our vast native ranges,” he said. “The problem comes with successive generations trying to reproduce once they reach the Corn Belt. Herbicides we are using there nowadays are really pretty effective on milkweed, so there’s less of a food resource than there once was.”

Allen said this issue is currently being countered by a wide array of programs and media attention since the word got out that this butterfly is special and at risk.

“Now people are planting lots and lots of milkweed along roadsides and really any kind of a little patch that’s not being used for something else,” Allen said.

“We’re seeing a groundswell of support now to preserve the monarch,” he said. “And I think if I’m a judge, we are experiencing some of that success right now as the butterflies move through our Concho Valley area. They’re migrating in huge numbers, and I’m going to be really surprised if the acreage in Mexico that’s colored orange does not show an increase now and hopefully for years to come for the regal and very special monarch butterfly.”

-30-

LikeTweet

Find more stories, photos, videos and audio at http://today.agrilife.org

Continue Reading

Farm & Ranch

Texas FFA State Vice President Weston Parr

Published

on

By

Future Farmers of America was founded by a group of farmers in 1928 with the mission of preparing the next generation of agriculture. It has done just that during its 95-year history, as the organization works to give back to others by following its motto, “learning to do, doing to learn, earning to live, living to serve.”

FFA is an organization made up of state associations, and at the helm of the Texas FFA is a team of 12 officers representing their respective areas within the Lone Star State. These individuals dedicate a year of their lives as they serve members, provide leadership, and work together with the state staff and board of directors to develop policy and lead the organization of over 177,000 members.

North Texas is represented by Area IV and Area IV, stretching from Wilbarger County to Bell County and from Runnels County to Grayson County. This year, those chosen to lead this great area are State President Isaac Hawkins Jr., Area IV, and State Vice President Weston Parr, Area V.

Parr is from the Sam Rayburn FFA chapter and the Area V Association, but the leader who now serves more than 19,100 members of Area V entered the FFA organization as a shy teenager who sat in the back of the room.

“I didn’t talk to a whole lot of people. I didn’t know what I wanted to do with my life or where I could see myself, so I wasn’t involved on my high school campus,” Parr recalled.

“Then I started FFA and slowly but surely, my ag teachers worked me into attending more contests, meeting new people, and speaking. I remember the first time I gave an officer speech to my chapter. I can still remember how embarrassing it was. To see the progression from that moment to speaking on stage at the state convention in front of thousands of people. Now I feel like I can enter the industry I want and be successful all because of what FFA afforded me for five years.”

There is not much Parr did not do during his time in high school. His contest participation included chapter conducting, wool judging, cotton judging, wildlife, and job interview, but his favorite was extemporaneous speaking, which he did not start until his senior year of high school.

“I wish I could go back to my freshman, sophomore, and junior years and start that sooner. I think if I had more time, I would have been more successful than I already was, but that was something I didn’t realize I liked at the time. I’m not naturally somebody who likes to speak in public, but it was actually my favorite,” Parr said.

Parr won several awards during his time competing. In 2023 alone, Parr earned the Texas FFA Service-Learning Proficiency title, was a National FFA Service-Learning Proficiency finalist, and a Texas FFA Extemporaneous Speaking finalist. In addition to his CDE and LDE events during high school, he showed commercial steers at Houston, and boilers at most major shows, participated in the county show with projects in ag mechanics, showed goats from time to time, and showed heifers until graduation.

“FFA provides invaluable resources and knowledge to be successful once you leave high school and you are out of the blue jacket for the first time. I have been a part of a lot of great organizations over the years, and they are all great in their own way, but in my opinion, FFA is the most successful at producing members of society who want to go and do something with themselves,” Parr said.

He was halfway through his time as Area V Association President and attending the national convention when he began to ponder the idea of running for state office.

“This is around the time when you usually figure out if you want to go through and be a state officer or you decide that area officer is your last run. I was unsure of where I wanted to go, but I knew I didn’t want to be done with FFA. I decided maybe it would be a good opportunity not only for me to make more friendships and connections, but also to give back to the program that allowed me to be able to do what I can do today,” Parr explained.

To read more, pick up a copy of the May issue of NTFR magazine. To subscribe by mail, call 940-872-5922.

Continue Reading

Farm & Ranch

Texas FFA State President Isaac Hawkins, Jr.

Published

on

By

FFA is an organization made up of state associations, and at the helm of the Texas FFA is a team of 12 officers representing their respective areas within the Lone Star State. These individuals dedicate a year of their lives as they serve members, provide leadership, and work together with the state staff and board of directors to develop policy and lead the organization of over 177,000 members.

North Texas is represented by Area IV and Area IV, stretching from Wilbarger County to Bell County and from Runnels County to Grayson County. This year, those chosen to lead this great area are State President Isaac Hawkins Jr., Area IV, and State Vice President Weston Parr, Area V.

These young leaders share a drive to give back to the organization that has given to them as they work to support FFA members while preparing for a future in the agricultural industry.

From the 12 selected representatives, delegates elect a president and first vice president, with the remaining 10 serving as vice presidents from their respective area associations. The selection process consists of a popular vote by delegates at the state convention, which accounts for 40 percent of the decision, and a committee process that includes a written knowledge exam, worth 10 percent, and an interview, accounting for 50 percent. This year, after all was said and done, Hawkins was named this year’s Texas FFA President.

Hawkins grew up as part of a large, blended family with five sisters and three brothers. While he says he did not grow up in agriculture, his youth was spent outside fishing and doing all things outdoors with his father, whom he calls his best friend. As he entered Hirschi High School in Wichita Falls, Hawkins knew he wanted to be a vet but was unsure of what courses to take to set himself on that path.

“I signed up for ag principals just because they had animals in the description. The first day of class we talked about churning butter, and I went to my school counselor that same day and told her to change my schedule immediately, but she refused. She made me stay there,” Hawkins laughed. “Luckily, I had an incredible ag teacher, and she really helped me to fall in love with the program.”

To read more, pick up a copy of the May issue of NTFR magazine. To subscribe by mail, call 940-872-5922.

Continue Reading

Farm & Ranch

Hazards of Backyard Poultry

Published

on

By

By Barry Whitworth, DVM

Having backyard poultry is a popular agriculture enterprise. According to the United States Department of Agriculture, 0.8 percent of all households in the United States have chickens. People keep chickens for a variety of reasons with table eggs being one of the more common reasons.

Unfortunately, some of these poultry producers are not aware of the hazards that come with keeping poultry because many times they carry pathogens but appear healthy.
Chickens are carriers of several zoonotic diseases. These are diseases that can be passed from animals to humans. According to a recent survey in Pennsylvania, a majority of backyard poultry producers were aware of the dangers of avian influenza. However, this study also revealed that far fewer producers were aware of the risk of possible exposure to Salmonella and Campylobacter.

The lack of knowledge about the hazards of raising poultry likely contributes to the continued issues of Salmonella outbreaks associated with backyard poultry. In 2023, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported 1,072 illnesses of Salmonella linked to backyard poultry, and 272 of those patients required hospitalization. Oklahoma reported 43 individuals with the disease.

To read more, pick up a copy of the April issue of NTFR magazine. To subscribe by mail, call 940-872-5922.

Continue Reading
Ad
Ad
Ad
Ad
Ad

Trending