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[AgriLife Today] Water a major concern for dairy industry

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By: Kay Ledbetter

High Plains conference provides management advice, weather outlook

Writer: Kay Ledbetter, 806-677-5608, [email protected]
Contacts: Dr. Ellen Jordan, 972-952-9212, [email protected]
Dr. Dana Porter, 806-746-6101, [email protected]

LUBBOCK – Water is a continuous concern for dairy producers, whether used for cows or crops, and management information was shared with those attending the recent High Plains Dairy Conference in Lubbock.

“Our dairy producers are very concerned about how much water they use, both for the cows and the crops they produce,” said Dr. Ellen Jordan, Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service dairy specialist in Dallas and coordinator of the program.

The High Plains Dairy Conference was open to dairy producers from Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma and New Mexico, in addition to Texas, Jordan said. Approximately 280 people attended this year’s conference.

“These dairy producers are looking for ways to conserve water throughout their facilities and farmland,” she said. “They are also very interested in the weather and forecast, not only for their crops but so they can manage the environment for the comfort of their cows.”

Dr. Dana Porter, AgriLife Extension agricultural engineering water management specialist in Lubbock, told the crowd the first thing they need to do is familiarize themselves with all of the water information resources, including the Texas Water Development Board, local groundwater districts, the U.S. Geological Society or their state Extension service.

Water is important for both crops and cows on a dairy. (Texas A&M AgriLife Communications photo by Kay Ledbetter)

Water is important for both crops and cows on a dairy. (Texas A&M AgriLife Communications photo by Kay Ledbetter)

These are good sources for information concerning water supply, demand, development, saturated thickness, water quality and the history for water on any given property, Porter said.

“They can let you see if salinity is likely to be a problem, and what the alternate sources of water might look like in secondary aquifers,” she said. “Just remember these local, regional, state and federal resources have a lot of answers for you.”

Porter also talked about managing their water through irrigation technologies.

“What fits best and what works best depends on each operation,” she said.

Key concerns when selecting the right irrigation system, Porter said, will be water capacity, field layout, crop rotation, management and labor, energy availability and economic feasibility.

“The challenge is to maintain productivity or increase it with limited water resources,” she said. “Advanced technology is available, but it is important to understand the best management practices to help mitigate the effects of declining water resources and adoption of the appropriate technologies.

“Regardless of our tool selection, we want to make sure we manage and maintain our irrigation system well, and have accurate knowledge of crop water requirements and soil-water-atmosphere relationships,” Porter said.

Dairies recycle water they collect. (Texas A&M AgriLife Communications photo by Kay Ledbetter)

Dairies recycle water they collect. (Texas A&M AgriLife Communications photo by Kay Ledbetter)

Additionally, dairy producers, especially in the High Plains, need to know what alternative water sources they have, such as the Dockum aquifer, and be able to address the salinity concerns that may come with using that water.

They will need to know about salt-tolerant crops and protecting equipment from chemical precipitation and corrosion, she said, as well as the drinking water quality for the animals and concerns if there is too much salt content.

Overall, she said, a lot of resources are dedicated to collecting and disseminating information about water supplies. Producers should take advantage of the information available.

John Nielsen-Gammon’s message to the dairy producers was one of “what’s next” in the way of weather. Nielsen-Gammon is the state climatologist and Regents Professor at Texas A&M University, College Station.

“We have lots of people asking what happened to El Nino,” Nielson-Gammon said. “We’ve had areas that have been extremely wet while others have been dry and spotty. Kansas and Colorado along with parts of Oklahoma are extremely dry. It’s been a quite variable year.”

The current El Nino is the third strongest on record. But he pointed out that what has happened with the strongest two El Ninos is not the same as if the top 12 are averaged.

Looking back at past El Ninos, the two stronger ones were both associated with wetter than normal conditions along the coasts and drier conditions through the middle of the U.S. Others were associated with much wetter conditions across Texas and the surrounding states.

The top 12 strongest show that moisture typically begins picking up in March in this region, Nielson-Gammon said. It will vary from month to month on any given El Nino, but most follow a similar pattern.

“We never really get a super wet January or February,” he said. “In the overall pattern going forward, we’re not sure which category this El Nino is going to fall into. We can expect an average of an additional inch or so of rainfall when you look at the top 12.”

Computer models at this time are indecisive, not showing any area particularly wetter or drier than normal, Nielson-Gammon said, “So there’s equal chances it could go either way.”

“Right now,” he said, “there are no good useful forecasts of summer rainfall. It looks like we can expect much of the nation to be warmer than normal. Summer, therefore, is a toss-up.”

Jordan said producers watch both short and long-term forecasts to know how to allocate their labor and corral management.

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Country Lifestyles

Wichita Falls Area Cattlewomen

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By: Martha Crump

Most cattle producers can tell you quite a lot about balancing cattle diets for energy, protein, vitamins, and minerals based on the specific needs for their herd and type of operation.

A key factor, and one that is often overlooked, is that how your animals perform is also directly affected by their water intake.

Now many of you may already be thinking “well of course water is necessary, anybody knows that!”

In many years, as September marches into October, we are beginning to experience some return of rainfall. But as many of us know, that is not always the case. Often we are still experiencing hot and dry weather, and water supplies are dwindling.

When we find ourselves experiencing those types of fall conditions, it is critical to not only understand the daily water requirements for cattle, but also the impact that the quality of water can have on herd health and development.

To read more, pick up a copy of the October edition of North Texas Farm & Ranch magazine, available digitally and in print. To subscribe by mail, call 940-872-5922.

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Farm & Ranch

Grazing North Texas: Managing Old World Bluestems

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By: Tony Dean

Since their introduction to the U.S. in the early 1900s, Old World Bluestems such as King Ranch bluestem and Dahl bluestem have become established on farms and ranches from the Rio Grande to Nebraska. With such a wide range of adaptability, these species are subjected to a wide range of management, depending on location and the goals of the rancher.

Due to the aggressive nature of OWBs, producers in far South Texas have been trying to find a way to eradicate OWBs in their pastures. Texas AgriLife Extension bulletin “Introduced Bluestem Grasses: Management on Native Lands” describes several methods being used in the effort to rid pastures of OWBs. In 2016, one project involved using chemicals, plowing, mowing, reseeding, summer burning, and combinations of these practices.

To read the about the researchers findings and hear Tony’s take, pick up a copy of the October edition of North Texas Farm & Ranch magazine, available digitally and in print. To subscribe by mail, call 940-872-5922.

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Farm & Ranch

Meanwhile Back At The Ranch

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By: Rayford Pullen

Watching our pastures over the years, I have noticed our forages quit growing when nighttime temperatures begin hitting that 45-degree mark, and in North Texas, that will usually be around October 20.

While growth stops, our forages will still be high quality which allows our momma cows to gain weight for another 40 days or so.

Getting these cows in better condition is key to getting them through the winter and breeding after they calve.

Read more in the October issue of North Texas Farm & Ranch magazine, available online and in print. Subscribe to our newsletter to receive NTFR in your inbox each week.

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