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Newer hybrids with shorter maturity dates provide corn producers options

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By: Kay Ledbetter

AgriLife Research study shows water efficiency, yields can be maximized

Writer: Kay Ledbetter, 806-677-5608, [email protected]
Contact: Dr. Qingwu Xue, 806-354-5803, [email protected]

AMARILLO – Texas A&M AgriLife Research scientists are wrapping up a two-year study to determine the best combination of corn hybrids, planting dates and maturity to maintain yield and maximize water-use efficiency.

Dr. Qingwu Xue, a Texas A&M AgriLife Research plant physiologist, shows the difference in corn maturity during a trial near Bushland. (Texas A&M AgriLife Communications photo by Kay Ledbetter)
Dr. Qingwu Xue, a Texas A&M AgriLife Research crop stress physiologist, shows the difference in corn maturity during a trial near Bushland. (Texas A&M AgriLife Communications photo by Kay Ledbetter)

The AgriLife Research study, “Evaluation of Late Corn Planting with Early Maturity Hybrids in the Texas High Plains,” is funded by the Texas Corn Producers Board.

Dr. Qingwu Xue, crop stress physiologist, is leading the research, along with team members Dr. Baozhen Hao, assistant research scientist; Kirk Jessup, research associate; and Thomas Marek, irrigation engineer, all from Amarillo.

“The overall goal of this study is to determine if we can save more irrigation water when growing corn,” Xue said. “We want to identify our best treatment to use as little irrigation water, as well as sustain the grain yield and maximize the water-use efficiency.”

He said they are looking at late planting dates from mid-May to June. Historically, corn is planted in the High Plains from late April to early May, but there is little data on the late planting of corn.

Xue said the corn this year was planted on May 15, June 1, June 15 and July 1, and six different hybrids considered full-season, mid-season and short-season with maturity dates ranging from 115 days to 95 days were being evaluated.

The hybrids used in 2013 were four Pioneer hybrids, 33D53AM-R, P1151AM, P0365YHR and P9690AM. Their relative maturity days were 115, 111, 103 and 96, respectively. The 2013 planting dates were May 20, June 3, June 20 and July 2. The planting density was 30,000 seeds per acre for all hybrids.

A Texas A&M AgriLife Research study near Bushland compares corn planting dates and maturity times. (Texas A&M AgriLife Communications photo by Kay Ledbetter)
A Texas A&M AgriLife Research study near Bushland compares corn planting dates and maturity times. (Texas A&M AgriLife Communications photo by Kay Ledbetter)

The 2013 results indicated that high yields of 200 bushels per acre can be achieved with long-season hybrids of at least 115 days, when planted in late May and early June, he said.

“We wanted, though, to look at how the different hybrids respond in terms of yield and irrigation and see if we can use the short-season hybrids to save some irrigation water,” Xue said. “While we are still finalizing this year’s data, last year we determined that we can save from 3-5 inches of irrigation water.

“If you plant in June, you may be able to delay your irrigation two or three times if you catch the rain, which ties into our overall goal of better utilizing the natural rainfall and the use of irrigation.”

When the planting date was delayed to late June and early July, mid- and short-season hybrids showed the yield advantage over long-season hybrids, he said. While delaying planting to late June or early July reduced yield potential, it also reduced crop water use and did not affect water-use efficiency – the number of bushels of corn per acre inch of water – in short-season hybrids.

“Based on last year’s data, if you planted early with the long-season hybrids, the total water use was about 35 inches. If you planted late, at the end of June, the crop used around 28 inches of total water use.”

The total water use includes the rainfall as well as irrigation and stored soil water, he said.

“If you only talk about irrigation water, comparing the earliest planting and the latest planting, the irrigation water difference can be up to 5 inches,” Xue said.

“This year, with very good precipitation, a producer probably could have delayed irrigation two to three times, which easily can add up to 6 inches of irrigation water savings per season. If you count pumping costs also, that can be a considerable savings.”

He said when looking at the study in terms of yield, the short-season hybrids have a lower yield potential, producing about 150 bushels of corn per acre.

“But they allow you to use probably 5 to 6 inches less water,” Xue said. “Also the short-season hybrids provide some operational benefits and flexibility. If your well is at low capacity, using a short-season hybrid allows you to grow corn and maximize use of normal seasonal rainfall as well as irrigation water and soil water storage.”

Xue said data from 2014 will be summarized and then they will determine how the hybrids responded in the different years and identify the best hybrids to recommend to the producers from the two-year averages.

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Farm & Ranch

Texas FFA State Vice President Weston Parr

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Future Farmers of America was founded by a group of farmers in 1928 with the mission of preparing the next generation of agriculture. It has done just that during its 95-year history, as the organization works to give back to others by following its motto, “learning to do, doing to learn, earning to live, living to serve.”

FFA is an organization made up of state associations, and at the helm of the Texas FFA is a team of 12 officers representing their respective areas within the Lone Star State. These individuals dedicate a year of their lives as they serve members, provide leadership, and work together with the state staff and board of directors to develop policy and lead the organization of over 177,000 members.

North Texas is represented by Area IV and Area IV, stretching from Wilbarger County to Bell County and from Runnels County to Grayson County. This year, those chosen to lead this great area are State President Isaac Hawkins Jr., Area IV, and State Vice President Weston Parr, Area V.

Parr is from the Sam Rayburn FFA chapter and the Area V Association, but the leader who now serves more than 19,100 members of Area V entered the FFA organization as a shy teenager who sat in the back of the room.

“I didn’t talk to a whole lot of people. I didn’t know what I wanted to do with my life or where I could see myself, so I wasn’t involved on my high school campus,” Parr recalled.

“Then I started FFA and slowly but surely, my ag teachers worked me into attending more contests, meeting new people, and speaking. I remember the first time I gave an officer speech to my chapter. I can still remember how embarrassing it was. To see the progression from that moment to speaking on stage at the state convention in front of thousands of people. Now I feel like I can enter the industry I want and be successful all because of what FFA afforded me for five years.”

There is not much Parr did not do during his time in high school. His contest participation included chapter conducting, wool judging, cotton judging, wildlife, and job interview, but his favorite was extemporaneous speaking, which he did not start until his senior year of high school.

“I wish I could go back to my freshman, sophomore, and junior years and start that sooner. I think if I had more time, I would have been more successful than I already was, but that was something I didn’t realize I liked at the time. I’m not naturally somebody who likes to speak in public, but it was actually my favorite,” Parr said.

Parr won several awards during his time competing. In 2023 alone, Parr earned the Texas FFA Service-Learning Proficiency title, was a National FFA Service-Learning Proficiency finalist, and a Texas FFA Extemporaneous Speaking finalist. In addition to his CDE and LDE events during high school, he showed commercial steers at Houston, and boilers at most major shows, participated in the county show with projects in ag mechanics, showed goats from time to time, and showed heifers until graduation.

“FFA provides invaluable resources and knowledge to be successful once you leave high school and you are out of the blue jacket for the first time. I have been a part of a lot of great organizations over the years, and they are all great in their own way, but in my opinion, FFA is the most successful at producing members of society who want to go and do something with themselves,” Parr said.

He was halfway through his time as Area V Association President and attending the national convention when he began to ponder the idea of running for state office.

“This is around the time when you usually figure out if you want to go through and be a state officer or you decide that area officer is your last run. I was unsure of where I wanted to go, but I knew I didn’t want to be done with FFA. I decided maybe it would be a good opportunity not only for me to make more friendships and connections, but also to give back to the program that allowed me to be able to do what I can do today,” Parr explained.

To read more, pick up a copy of the May issue of NTFR magazine. To subscribe by mail, call 940-872-5922.

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Farm & Ranch

Texas FFA State President Isaac Hawkins, Jr.

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FFA is an organization made up of state associations, and at the helm of the Texas FFA is a team of 12 officers representing their respective areas within the Lone Star State. These individuals dedicate a year of their lives as they serve members, provide leadership, and work together with the state staff and board of directors to develop policy and lead the organization of over 177,000 members.

North Texas is represented by Area IV and Area IV, stretching from Wilbarger County to Bell County and from Runnels County to Grayson County. This year, those chosen to lead this great area are State President Isaac Hawkins Jr., Area IV, and State Vice President Weston Parr, Area V.

These young leaders share a drive to give back to the organization that has given to them as they work to support FFA members while preparing for a future in the agricultural industry.

From the 12 selected representatives, delegates elect a president and first vice president, with the remaining 10 serving as vice presidents from their respective area associations. The selection process consists of a popular vote by delegates at the state convention, which accounts for 40 percent of the decision, and a committee process that includes a written knowledge exam, worth 10 percent, and an interview, accounting for 50 percent. This year, after all was said and done, Hawkins was named this year’s Texas FFA President.

Hawkins grew up as part of a large, blended family with five sisters and three brothers. While he says he did not grow up in agriculture, his youth was spent outside fishing and doing all things outdoors with his father, whom he calls his best friend. As he entered Hirschi High School in Wichita Falls, Hawkins knew he wanted to be a vet but was unsure of what courses to take to set himself on that path.

“I signed up for ag principals just because they had animals in the description. The first day of class we talked about churning butter, and I went to my school counselor that same day and told her to change my schedule immediately, but she refused. She made me stay there,” Hawkins laughed. “Luckily, I had an incredible ag teacher, and she really helped me to fall in love with the program.”

To read more, pick up a copy of the May issue of NTFR magazine. To subscribe by mail, call 940-872-5922.

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Farm & Ranch

Hazards of Backyard Poultry

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By Barry Whitworth, DVM

Having backyard poultry is a popular agriculture enterprise. According to the United States Department of Agriculture, 0.8 percent of all households in the United States have chickens. People keep chickens for a variety of reasons with table eggs being one of the more common reasons.

Unfortunately, some of these poultry producers are not aware of the hazards that come with keeping poultry because many times they carry pathogens but appear healthy.
Chickens are carriers of several zoonotic diseases. These are diseases that can be passed from animals to humans. According to a recent survey in Pennsylvania, a majority of backyard poultry producers were aware of the dangers of avian influenza. However, this study also revealed that far fewer producers were aware of the risk of possible exposure to Salmonella and Campylobacter.

The lack of knowledge about the hazards of raising poultry likely contributes to the continued issues of Salmonella outbreaks associated with backyard poultry. In 2023, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported 1,072 illnesses of Salmonella linked to backyard poultry, and 272 of those patients required hospitalization. Oklahoma reported 43 individuals with the disease.

To read more, pick up a copy of the April issue of NTFR magazine. To subscribe by mail, call 940-872-5922.

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